When you use the Export to ArcMap, ENVI generates a byte-scaled TIFF file. Instead, you can export to TIFF using the File ->Save File As menu which will retain the original data values and full set of bands.
However, if you are running ArcGIS 9.3 or 10, these versions will open an ENVI format file directly. Just be sure your file as a .dat or .img extension on the file name.
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