When you use the Export View to image file, you have the option to select the current display extent or the full resolution image. Both options will export the full resolution with annotations and stretches as a byte-scaled 24-bit RGB image). This output has a scale and pixel size but no inherent dpi, which is typically associated with printing to a specific page size.
The Geospatial PDF has the option to export a number of pixels per inch but even the fonts aren't in dpi units, but are just the font library symbols that can be rendered at any resolution/size.
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