It sounds like you might need to create a custom projection based on the Equirectangular template available in ENVI. If you go to Map->Customize Map Projections and select Equirectangular, you are prompted to enter the following information:
- Sphere Radius
- False Northing
- False Easting
- Latitude of true scale (where there is no distortion)
- Longitude of central meridian
Equirectangular, as it exists in ENVI, is a blank slate. Filling in the above values, which will be specific to your map projection, and saving the result as a new custom projection should give you more accurate results. If you do not know these values, you might try contacting the data provider. It sounds like a very specialized projection.
Once the map projection is created, you can go into the ENVI header and edit the Map Information to assign the new custom projection (and a WGS-84 datum) to the file. Remember to save the open data to a new ENVI format file so the map information is preserved. Otherwise, you will have to assign it again the next time you open the HDF.
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