Jeffrey Snoddy
University Of Southern California (USC)
Spatial Science Department,, M.S.

Table 5. Summary of equipment and software needs for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) equation

Equipment/Software Source Application
ENVI ENVI Visualization/Analysis/ Data Organization
ArcMap ESRI Visualization/Analysis
ArcCatalog ESRI Data Organization
Sankey www.Sankeymatic.com
Mode Flow Charts
S3 Amazon Web Services Database Storage
Slack Slack.com Team Posting
USC Library Services MyUSC Research
Google Scholar https://scholar.google.com Research

Table 6 Download earth explorer Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) satellite imagery

Step One Goto https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ for satellite data.
Step Two Select location: MNWD – Centroid, Lat. 33.158269, Long. -117.268689
Step Three Select date range
Step Four Select data sets i.e. LDCM OLI/TIRS C1 Level-1
Step Five Select additional criteria i.e. cloud cover
Step Six Select results
Step Seven Select area of interest for download
Step Eight Download Level-1 GeoTIFF Data Product (967.1 MB)
Step Nine Open “7 Zip”
Step Ten Select *. Tar file
Step Eleven Select “Open Inside”
Step Twelve Extract data
Step Thirteen Save to folder
Step Fourteen Test data

Table 7 Calculation of Reflectance for study area using multispectral calculations

Step One Open ENVI
Step Two File open
Step Three Select Shapefile
Step Four Select file dropdown
Step Five Open as Optical Sensor
Step Six Select “LANDSAT”
Step Seven Geotiff with Metadata
Step Eight Open MTL File


Step Nine Place shapefile over MTL in the Layer Manager
Step Ten Goto tool box
Step Eleven Select “Radiometric Calibration”
Step Twelve Select “Multispectral “Calibration (ensure spectral subset indicates 7 out of 7 bands)
Step Thirteen Select “file selection” in the right pane
Step Fourteen Select the shape file
Step Fifteen Click “OK”
Step Sixteen Select “Reflectance in the Radiometric calibration”
Step Seventeen Save as Reflectance
Step Eighteen Remove MTL from the Layer Manager

Table 8 Calculation of Albedo from multispectral bands 1,2,3,4 and 5

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [((0.356*B1) + (0.130*B2) + (0.373*B3) + (0.085*B4) + (0.072*B5) -0.0018) / 1.016]
Step Two Select Band 1 “Blue”
Step Three Select Band 2 “Red”
Step Four Select Band 3 “Infrared”
Step Five Select Band 4 “Shortwave infrared 1”
Step Six Select Band 5 “Shortwave infrared 2”

Table 9 Calculation of NDVI from Near Infrared (NIR) and Red multispectral bands

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [(b1-b2)/(b1+b2)]
Step Two Select “Toolbox”
Step Three Select “Reflectance” file
Step Four Select Band 1 “NIR”
Step Five Select Band 2 “Red”

Table 10 Resize data using pixel aggregation resampling methods

Step One Select “Toolbox”
Step Two Select “Resize Data”
Step Three Select “Reflectance”
Step Four Select “Spatial Subset” > (select map, 20 samples, 20 lines)
Step Five Select “Red” & “Near Infrared”
Step Six Select Layer Manager
Step Seven Right click on resized data
Step Eight Select “Quick Stats”
Step Nine Copy the DN for band One, open Excel and paste band one data into new column. Repeat with band two
Step Ten Highlight to select both columns and create chart/scatter plot
Step Eleven Right click data line in chart
Step Twelve Select “Add Trend Line”


Step Thirteen Select “display equation on chart” and “display R-squared value on chart”
Step Fourteen Copy the y intercept number on the chart
Step Fifteen Click on the file name (The header information will appear on the right)
Step Sixteen At the bottom click on "Spatial Subset" to subset all the bands in the image or "Spectral Subset" to choose one band to subset
Step Seventeen "Spatial Subset" brings up another box for choosing the exact location of the subset
Step Eighteen "Image" will bring up the image with a subset box that can be re-sized and moved around the image.


Table 11 Calculation of Weighted Difference Vegetation Index (WDVI) from multispectral bands 3, 4 and the y intercept from the resampled data

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = B3-1.0157*B4
Step Two Add equation B3-1.2337*B4 (the 1.2337 number comes from the Y intercept copied from the chart)
Step Three Select Band 3 “Red” from calculated reflectance
Step Four Select Band 4 “NIR” from calculated reflectance

Table 12 Calculation of the soil brightness correction L Value from NDVI and WDVI

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [(1-2*1.6-b11*b22)]
Step Two Select Band 11 “NDVI”
Step Three Select Band 22 “WDVI”

Table 13 Calculation of Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) from bands 3,4, and the L value
Step One Insert Band Math Expression = ((B4-B3) *(1+B33))/(B4+B3+B33)
Step Two Select Band 3 “Red”
Step Three Select Band 4 “NIR”
Step Four Select Band 33 “L” value

Table 14 Calculation of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) from the SAVI values

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [(11*(b44^3))]
Step Two Select Band 44 “SAVI”

Table 15 Calculation of surface emissivity from calculated LAI

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [.986+0.004*b11]
Step Two Select Band 11 “LAI”

Table 16 Calculation of Thermal Infrared (TIR) from LCDM multispectral bands 10 and 11

Step One Select “Toolbox”
Step Two Select “Radiometric Calibration”
Step Three Select “Thermal Bands” (2 of 2 bands)
Step Four Select “Spatial Subset”
Step Five Select shapefile of study area
Step Six In the radiometric Calibration box> keep “Radiance “selected

Table 17 Calculation of the canopy resistance to vapor transit (Rc) from both Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [(((B1-0)/1) - ((1-b6) *1))]
Step Two Select Band 1 “TIR” (check that the bands are 2/2)
Step Three Select Band 6 “Emissivity”

Table 18 Calculation of Top of Atmospheric (TOA) spectral radiance from Band 10

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [((1201.14)/(alog(((b1*480.89)/b2)
+1)))]
Step Two Select Band 1 “Emissivity”
Step Three Select Band 2 “Rc Band 10”

Table 19 Calculation of Top of Atmospheric (TOA) spectral radiance from Band 11

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [((1321.08)/(alog(((b1*774.89)/b2)+1)))]
Step Two Select Band 1 “Enb”
Step Three Select Band 6 “Rc Band 11”

Table 20 Conversion of TOA average temperatures from K to °C

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = ((b10+b11)/2)
Step Two Select Band 10 “LST B10”
Step Three Select Band 11 “LST B11”

Table 21 Conversion to °C from K by adding absolute zero

Step One Insert Band Math Expression = [B1-273.15]
Step Two Select Band 1 “Average Temperature”