A supervised classification is not the same as a machine learning algorithm. ENVI does have a new module for ENVI 5.5.2 called Deep Learning which can be used to repeatedly train data, add in new training data to develop and improve the training model that can then be applied to different images.
You could also use the Classification Framework and the API to automate it:
http://www.harrisgeospati...cs/routines-173.html However, I believe these routines are in newer versions than ENVI 5.3 so you would need to update your version.